![]() ![]() Species identification hierarchy in clinical settings Such staining, together with growth requirement and antibiotic susceptibility testing, and other macroscopic and physiologic tests, forms a basis for practical classification and subdivision of the bacteria (e.g., see figure and pre-1990 versions of Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology). Classification Īlong with cell shape, Gram staining is a rapid method used to differentiate bacterial species. Some of these are lipoteichoic acids, which have a lipid component in the cell membrane that can assist in anchoring the peptidoglycan. Specific to gram-positive bacteria is the presence of teichoic acids in the cell wall. Gram-negative bacteria's S-layer is attached directly to the outer membrane. In gram-positive bacteria, the S-layer is attached to the peptidoglycan layer. Both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria commonly have a surface layer called an S-layer. ![]() Also, only some species are flagellates, and when they do have flagella, have only two basal body rings to support them, whereas gram-negative have four. Only some species have a capsule, usually consisting of polysaccharides.
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